Which measure focuses on the timing of cash flows in its calculation?

The internal rate of return (IRR) is a measure that focuses on the timing of cash flows in its calculation. IRR represents the discount rate at which the net present value (NPV) of all future cash flows from an investment equals zero. This means that IRR takes into account when cash flows occur, making it particularly useful for evaluating investments that have varying cash inflows and outflows over time.

By calculating IRR, investors can assess the potential profitability of an investment while also considering the time value of money, which reflects the principle that cash received today is worth more than the same amount received in the future. Unlike other measures such as cash-on-cash return, return on equity, or cash yield—which primarily focus on the magnitude of returns without giving significant weight to the timing—the internal rate of return holistically incorporates the timing aspect, making it a more comprehensive metric for evaluating the value of cash flows over the lifespan of an investment.